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Description to Slovakia

The Republic of Slowakei with its capital Bratislava (German: Pressburg) in Mitteleuropa covers 49,035 km². It borders Österreich to the west, Tschechien and Polen to the north, Ukraine to the east, and Ungarn to the south. In 1993, the former state of Tschechoslowakei peacefully split into the two independent states of Slovakia and Tschechien. Viticulture has a shared history that dates back to the Kelten.

Slovakia - Map

Wine Regions

The wine regions are mainly located in the south along the borders with Österreich and Ungarn. The vineyards form a strip about 60 kilometers long along these borders and are mostly situated along the Donau-Nebenflüssen Hron (Gran), Nitra (Neutra), and Váh (Waag) around the capital Bratislava (Pressburg). A continental Klima prevails with hot summers and cool winters with moderate Niederschlag.

Notable wine-producing municipalities include Hurbanovo, Levice, Modra (with a viticulture school), Nitra, Nove Zamky, Pezinok, Raca, Sahy, Sered, Sobota, Trnava, and Zlaté Moravce. A special feature is the small area in the far east that borders the Hungarian Tokaj-Hegyalja. Here, wine is produced in the three (formerly Hungarian) villages of Kistoronya, Szõlõske, and the Slovak part of Sátoraljaújhely in the style of Tokajer. After years of disputes, the two countries finally agreed in early 2003 that the wines produced within the 172-hectare area could bear the designation of origin Tokaji (Tokajer).

Varietal Overview

In 2022, the vineyards covered 14,364 hectares, and the Wein-Produktionsmengen were 332,000 hectoliters. Two-thirds are white wines and one-third red wines. Notable wineries include Gbelce, Hlohovec, Hurbanovo, Matysák, Pavelka, Topolcany, and Trnava. Aside from exports to Tschechien, most is consumed domestically. The two dominant white wine varieties are Grüner Veltliner and Welschriesling, followed by Blaufränkisch. The varietal overview:

Variety

Color

Synonyms or Slovak Name

Hectares

Grüner Veltliner white Veltlínske Zelené 2,091
Welschriesling white Rizling Vlašský 1,655
Blaufränkisch red Frankovka Modrá 1,378
St. Laurent red Svätovavrinecké 939
Müller-Thurgau white - 932
Riesling white Rizling Rýnsky 605
Cabernet Sauvignon red - 570
Pinot Blanc white Burgundské Biele, Rulandské Biele 523
Chardonnay white - 310
Gewürztraminer / Traminer white Tramín Červený 265
Furmint white - 248
Odessky Cherny red - 236
Fetească Regală white Pesecká Leánka 231
Irsai Olivér white Irsay Oliver 227
Fetească Albă white Dievcie Hrozno 219
André red - 211
Pinot Gris white Burgundské Sivé, Rulandské Sivé 211
Sauvignon Blanc white Sauvignon 208
Frühroter Veltliner white Veltlínske Červené Skoré 195
Muskát Moravský white MOPR, Mährischer Muskat 163
Hárslevelű white Lipovina 141
Děvín white - 133
Silvaner (Grüner Silvaner) white Silvánske Zelené 117
Zweigelt red - 116
Blauer Portugieser red Modrý Portugal, Portugalské Modré 92
Dunaj red - 62
Muskat-Ottonel white Muskát Ottonel 48
Muscat Blanc / Muskateller white Muškát Žltý 48
Neronet red - 39
Pálava white - 32
Aurelius white - 26
Breslava white Chrtc x St M Dc Alc 10/28 10
Neuburger white Neuburské 9
Bouvier white Bouvierovo Hrozno 6
Noria white - 2
Mília red - 1
Red Silvaner red Silvánske Cervené ?
Csaba Gyöngye white Cabianska Perla ?
Ezerjó white - ?
Leányka white - ?
Lena white - ?
Pinot Noir red Burgundské Modré, Rulandské Modré ?
Rotgipfler white Slatzki Zelenac ?
Rotweißer Veltliner white Veltlínske Červenobiele ?
Veritas white - ?
Vrboska white - ?

 

Wine Categories

The wine categories are based, as in Austria and Germany, on the Mostgewicht of the grapes; 1 °NM (Normalizovaný Muštomer) = 1 kg Zucker per 100 l Most. In August 2009, the EU-Weinmarktordnung came into effect for all member countries with fundamental changes to wine designations and quality levels. The following new designations or quality levels exist (see also detailed under Qualitätssystem):

  • Víno (formerly Tafelwein) = Wein
  • CZO (Chráněné Zeměpisné Označeni) = Regional Wine or Landwein
  • DSC (Districtus Slovakia Controlatus) = Quality Wine or Qualitätswein (at least 16 °NM, yield limits per region)

Prädikatswein (Quality Wine with designation)

  • Kabinetné = Kabinett (fully ripe grapes, at least 19 °NM)
  • Neskorý zber = Spätlese (fully ripe, at least 21 °NM)
  • Výber z hrozna = Auslese (overripe, selected, at least 23 °NM)
  • Bobuľový výber = Beerenauslese (overripe, selected, at least 26 °NM)
  • Hrozienkový výber = Trockenbeerenauslese (overripe, selected, at least 28 °NM)
  • Cibébový výber = Dried berry selection (botrytis grapes, otherwise as before)
  • L’adové víno = Eiswein (harvested at least minus 7 °Celsius, at least 27 °NM)
  • Slamové víno = Strohwein (at least 3 months dried on reed mats, at least 27 °NM)

Tokajer (see there for the regulations that also apply to Slovakia)

  • Esencia = Eszencia (at least 450 g/l sugar, at least 50 g/l total extract, 3 years aging)
  • Forditáš = Fordítás (2 years aging, of which 1 in wooden barrel)
  • Mášláš = Máslás (2 years aging, of which 1 in wooden barrel)
  • Samorodné = Szamorodni (2 years aging, of which 1 in wooden barrel)
  • Výber = Aszú / Ausbruch (3 to 6 Putňový, 3 years aging, of which 2 years in wooden barrel)
  • Výberová Esencia = Aszú-Eszencia (at least 180 g/l sugar, 3 years aging, of which 2 in wood)

Special Wine Designations/Types

  • Mladé Víno = Jungwein (bottled before the end of the harvest year)
  • Archívne Víno = Archivwein (at least 3 years aging)
  • Panenská úroda = Jungfernwein (grapes from the first harvest after planting vines)
  • Pestovateľský Sekt = Winzersekt
  • Sekt vinohradníckej oblasti / Sekt V.O. = Sekt from a specific wine-growing area

Map: © Goruma

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